They can be considered nonparametric models in item response theory. Diagnosis of depressed young people in primary health carea. Both factor analysis and mokken scaling failed to support the original twofactor structure of the scale. Stata module to compute guttman errors and loevinger h coefficients. Stata module to perform the mokken scale procedure. Research so far has concentrated on the use of parametric methods of analysis that may be inappropriate. Also see g3 axis options options for specifying numeric axes g3 axis label options options. Design in this prospective, crosssectional study, a 19item disability questionnaire was developed. Here are citations to the two articles i assign in my irt course on. Oct 18, 2016 the internal consistency in the 12 selfefficacy questions was high with a cronbachs.
Mokken scale analysis uses an automated bottomup stepwise item selection procedure that suffers from two problems. In general i find that mokken scaling is a good approach for many practical scale analyses, but i recommend that you read at least a few articles on it. Scores on the mokken scale were highly correlated with scores developed using principal component analysis rs 0. The mean scores of the scale item responses were not different between waves but do exhibit a high degree of skewness. In order to establish a common scale with a stable structure over time to use in repeated measures studies, this study uses information from a large communitybased cohort of women. In this study, we examined the structure of 80,161 completed honos scores using mokken scale analysis, which is a nonparametric form of item response theory.
Mokken scale analysis msa is a scaling procedure for both dichotomous and polytomous items. Mokken scaling techniques are a useful tool for researchers who wish to construct unidimensional tests or use questionnaires that comprise multiple binary or polytomous items. Unweighted item response frequencies are available in supplementary appendix b. Both guttman and mokken scaling can be used to assess whether a number of items measure the same underlying concept. Nonparametric item response theory using stata stata journal. Jan 31, 20 mokken scale analysis uses an automated bottomup stepwise item selection procedure that suffers from two problems. Item ordering of personal disturbance scale dssisad in a. Also see g3 axis options options for specifying numeric axes g3 axis label options options for specifying axis labels g3 axis title options g3. You also should do a thorough job of missing data analysis and descriptive statistics, including correlations. The mokken scales of the present study have face validity in the sense that the hierarchical arrangement of items is interpretable in terms of the latent trait being measured and the utility of the scale is increased because the score on a mokken scale is a measure for the order of the latent trait. Login or register by clicking login or register at the topright of this page. Mokken scaling is a potentially valuable tool for uncovering links between disease and socioeconomic position within and between countries.
Dear stata user i have a dataset with missing values and used stata s mi command to impute them. This module should be installed from within stata by typing ssc install msp. An additional advantage of the mokken scale analysis over classical test theory e. Nonparametric item response theory using stata jeanbenoit. Mokken scale analysis is a nonparametric item response theory approach that is used to cluster items measuring a latent construct. In essence, a mokken scale is a nonparametric, probabilistic version of guttman scale. Three significant factors, where eigenvalues exceeded the monte carlo simulated values in parallel analysis, showed 10 of the items loading significantly on three subscales, and one item cross loading. Mokken scale analysis in r connecting repositories. Mokken scaling procedure msp was conducted with the msp function in stata. R, an opensource statistics program, was used to generate the descriptive statistics and perform a mokken scale analysis. To evaluate whether the eight items formed a onedimensional homogenous scale we performed mokken scale analysis for polytomous items, using the stata 12.
Differences between education level, rural and urban populations will be assessed statistically using chi2. Mokken scaling can also be applied as a secondary analysis approach to scrutinize the appropriateness and performance of more well established parametric item response theory irt methods such as the rasch family of models. The crucial aspect of the mokken scale analysis is its ability to. The aim of this paper is to introduce the basic principles of mokken scale analysis msa as a method for the analysis of questionnaire data and to empirically apply msa to a realdata example. Stata module to estimate parameters of the rasch model by cml, mml or gee. A more elaborate book on learning r for spss and sas users is muenchen 2008.
Items form a hierarchical scale when the ordering of the items according to their popularity or mean score is the same across different values of the latent. Objective to develop and validate a reliable patientreported scale that grades the severity of disability in charcotmarietooth disease cmt, from an indepth analysis of patient and healthcare provider perspectives on what mobility changes constitutes mild, moderate and severe disability. An r package for mokken scale analysis computer software 2011. Mokken scale analysis of mental health and wellbeing. Mokken scale analysis in r journal of statistical software.
Primary health care professionals face a shortage of suitable instruments for the valid identification of depression in young people. Some scaling methods and estimation procedures in the latent class model. The bias of estimated scalability coefficients for twolevel mokken scale analysis, the bias of their estimated standard errors, and the coverage of the confidence intervals has been investigated, under various testing conditions. An ideal ordering to add items to the test bottomup procedure or omit items from the test topdown. In addition, the items must have a hierarchical property since the.
The subjective index for physical and social outcome sipso. Mokken scaling determines how likely it is that an item will be endorsed item difficulty and the amount of construct a person has. Development of an international scale of socioeconomic. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. Spssx procedure and standalone programs for the mokken. Table 2 presents the results of the exploratory factor analysis, grms, and mokken scale analysis using the 2010 hrs data. One branch of the irt method is mokken scale analysis msa or mokken. Bias of twolevel scalability coefficients and their standard. Mokken scale analysis for dichotomous items using marginal. Getting started with mokken scale analysis in r citeseerx. Spssx procedure and standalone programs for the mokken scale.
Measuring social participation in the health and retirement. In general i find that mokken scaling is a good approach for many practical scale analyses, but i recommend that you read at least a few. Mokken scale analysis can have two forms mokken, 1971, pp. Jun 11, 2012 mokken scaling techniques are a useful tool for researchers who wish to construct unidimensional tests or use questionnaires that comprise multiple binary or polytomous items. Section 2 discusses nonparametric irt models and several methods to check model assumptions. Tilburg university getting started with mokken scale analysis. Article information, pdf download for nonparametric item response theory using stata, open epub for. It is a step by step guide from scratch to actually performing mokken scale analysis. Apr 15, 2016 and from the pedantry corner, i wouldnt use neutral as the label for response 3 on a 5point likert scale. Between the guttman scale and parametric item response theory w ijbrandt h.
Mental health was assessed at six time points during 21 years, using the delusionssymptomsstates inventorystates of anxiety and depression dssisad for 2698 women with mean age of 25. Random or predictable adoption patterns of chronic care. Confirmatory factor analysis was also conducted on the proposed scales. This study investigates the usefulness of itemscore reliability as a criterion for item selection in test construction. It produces results similar to alpha, item a polytomuous version of mokken due to molenaar is under construction, but it doesnot have high priority at this moment. First, when selected during the procedure items satisfy the scaling conditions but they may fail to do so after the scale has been completed. Jun 03, 2014 the mokken scales of the present study have face validity in the sense that the hierarchical arrangement of items is interpretable in terms of the latent trait being measured and the utility of the scale is increased because the score on a mokken scale is a measure for the order of the latent trait.
Description usage arguments details value authors references see also examples. Analyses were conducted with spss for windows version 12. In this context, difficulty refers to whether there may be a hierarchical ordering to responses, i. This procedure construct sub scales based on loevinger h coefficients computed by loevh q. Download limit exceeded you have exceeded your daily download allowance. Construct validity of the holistic complementary and. Investigating psychometric properties and dimensional structure of. Comparing optimization algorithms for item selection in. Oct 11, 2018 questionnaires and surveys are used throughout medical education. This method is named after the political scientist rob mokken who suggested it in 1971 mokken scales have been used in psychology, education, political science, public opinion, medicine and nursing. Itemscore reliability as a selection tool in test construction. Feb 12, 20 in general i find that mokken scaling is a good approach for many practical scale analyses, but i recommend that you read at least a few articles on it.
This is a simple approach that works by ensuring that, when considered across a whole population, responses to the questions in the group tend to vary together and, in particular, that. Nevertheless, measuring psychological attributes such as perceptions of a phenomenon among individuals may be difficult. It consists of an item selection algorithm to partition a set of items into mokken scales and several methods to check the assumptions of two nonparametric item response theory models. Mokken scale analysis and confirmatory factor analysis of the. To evaluate whether the eight items formed a onedimensional homogenous scale we performed mokken scale analysis for polytomous items 34, using the stata 12. This procedure construct subscales based on loevinger h coefficients computed by loevh q. The module is made available under terms of the gpl v3. The first possibility is that the researcher evaluates a given set of j items with respect to the definition of a scale for a chosen value of c. The first possibility is that the researcher evaluates a given set of j items with respect to the definition of a scale for a chosen value of. The results depend of a threshold c fixed by the user. Development and validation of a selfefficacy questionnaire. Second, the procedure is approximate and thus may not produce the optimal item partitioning. Crosssectional validation of the aging perceptions.
The stochastic cumulative scaling model offered by this approach is ideally suited when the intention is to score an underlying latent trait by simple addition of the item response values. Msp implements the mokken scale procedure defined by hemker, sijtsma and molenaar 1995. The internal consistency in the 12 selfefficacy questions was high with a cronbachs. Mokken scale analysis of mental health and wellbeing questionnaire item responses.
Assessing monotonicity assumption for mokken scaling using. They are composed of items that satisfy the three fundamental assumptions of item response theory. A nonparametric mokken scale analysis and program is described. It consists of an item selection algorithm to partition a set of items into mokken scales and several methods to check the assumptions of two nonparametric item. Three procedures of scaling a search procedure, evaluation of the whole set of items as a scale, and extension of an existing scale provided a coefficient of scalability for all the items together that satisfy the criteria of the mokken model. An update for scaling practitioners author links open overlay panel klaas sijtsma a rob r. We used factor analysis, with parallel analysis to determine the significant eigenvalues, to examine the structure of the sipso and mokken analysis to determine if the sipso was a valid ordinal scale 1821.
Both techniques assume the existence of an underlying latent unobservable attribute, which is represented by a set of items related to the latent attribute. A mokken scale analysis of the peer physical examination. In the mokken analysis, the loevingers h turned out to be high, with a total scale coefficient of 0. Mokken models belong to the class of statistical models called nonparametric item response theory nirt. Hiv testing and tolerance to gender based violence. Mokken scaling techniques are a scaling method that can be applied by researchers who design tests or construct multiitem questionnaires to measure health constructs.
A person may well choose that response, not because they feel neutral about the matter, but because they are ambivalentthey may agree with some aspects of the proposition and disagree with others. Initial analysis suggested the ppeq did not form a single scale. The mokken scale is a psychometric method of data reduction. The itemtotal correlation approach is a way of identifying a group of questions whose responses can be combined together into a single measure or scale. Wed like to understand how you use our websites in order to improve them. Impact of a complex gendertransformative intervention on. Questionnaires and surveys are used throughout medical education. And from the pedantry corner, i wouldnt use neutral as the label for response 3 on a 5point likert scale. A mokken scale is a unidimensional scale that consists of hierarchicallyordered items that measure the same underlying, latent concept. Stata module to compute the detect, iss and r indexes to test a partition of items. Mokkens method is a generalisation of guttman scaling that can assist in the determination of the. A nonparametric item response theory model, the mokken scale analysis, and program are described.